Since I've been thinking about how I would manage the environment if it were up to me I am realizing that I am pretty under-informed in a lot of areas to be able to really make a thorough plan. As such I am going to offer a plan that probably has a lot of holes and is under-informed. It will at least give me a framework for future thought though.
Energy
Based on previous posts I do not think global warming or climate change is an issue significant enough to warrant particular attention. As such the CO2 content of any particular energy source doesn't matter to me. Despite that, alternative energy sources such as solar, wind, and tidal energy are increasingly becoming economical and offer opportunities to diversify our energy supply. Solar particularly seems to have the potential for being a very low impact energy source. In general the less land you have to mess up to use a resource the better I like it. The fewer and smaller messes you make the easier it is to clean them up.
Nuclear is another opportunity that has been significantly neglected. Newer reactor designs avoid many of the issues that led to the nuclear tragedies of the past. We don't see them because the number of new reactors built is so low. Increasing our nuclear capacity seems like a great opportunity.
Another aspect of nuclear is thorium reactors. I really should do a post on them, but in short they could hold the keys to wide spread nuclear power without a lot of the environmental downsides that uranium mining has.
Water
There are a lot of water issues in a lot of places around the world. Between lack of clean water and rapidly depleting aquifers there is a lot of risk. I think all water sources should be managed to avoid irrevocable damage. This comes at the risk of acute water shortages. However, with the advent of modern desalination plants that seems to be a decreasingly severe issue. All water used, particularly for commercial purposes should be sustainable. If that means industries have to leave certain areas or scale down their operations then so be it. Destroying regional water supplies is not good stewardship of our resources.
Food
There are certainly challenges with food. There are a lot of people in the world who do not have good food sources. However, a lot of the issues of hunger are issues of logistics not of supply. Many poor/starving regions are such because of corruption and poor management by the local governments which is not a supply issue.
On the production side, there are a lot of concerns about GMOs and mono-cultures (large regions of only one crop). The key to all of these subjects is sustainability. Just because we have done it for 20, 40, 60 years doesn't mean we can do it for the next 500. I don't know enough to say much more, but I feel like there are risks that we are not addressing very thoroughly.
Forests
Trees are very important for filtering air as well as creating the all important oxygen we need to breath. They also provide habitat for wildlife and places for recreation. We should manage them well in order to provide the most benefit we can from them. Determine how big they should be to best provide the resources and services possible.
A concerted effort to preserve and recreate old growth forests is an important thing as well. They bring unique habitats as well as other ecological benefits that baby forests don't manage.
Air
Every human and animal breaths air. We need it to be clean. It I think the US has done a pretty good job of cleaning our air up over the past decades since the passage of the clean air act in 1963. One thing that we can do to further improve though is increasing adoption of electric vehicles. Cars and trucks are one of the largest sources of air pollution worldwide. So a significant switch to electric motors could significantly increase air quality.
Recycling
I've talked about Sweden's amazing recycling and waste use system. Increasing our ability to reprocess used materials allows us to make mining for materials more sustainable.
There is probably a lot more, but these are what I thought of. The main theme I want to follow is all interactions with the environment should be characterized by their sustainability. Whether that comes from processes that don't do damage in the first place or from clean up after the fact we should strive to leave the pieces of the world we use nicer than we found them. In the long run it will give us a nicer world to live in as well as increase our ability to produce the resources needed to do everything else we want to.
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